Human exposure to EMF from 5G base stations: analysis,
Performance of three different methodologies and equipment (broadband probes, spectrum analyzers, and drive test scanners), in the context of human exposure to
Electromagnetic radiation (EM radiation or EMR) refers to the waves (or their quanta, photons) of the electromagnetic field, propagating (radiating) through space-time, carrying electromagnetic radiant energy. It includes radio waves, microwaves, infrared, (visible) light, ultraviolet, X-rays and gamma rays.
Thus, broadband equipment can still be used for assessing the EMF field level when measurements are done by forcing an extra load of the station, as it uses to overestimate the field levels. The largest differences in the values measured by the different methods happen at location 7, and especially at location 4.
When adding 5G radios and antennas to an existing base station site, the total RF EMF exposure from all antennas and technologies (2G, 3G, 4G, and 5G) has to be considered for assessment of compliance with limits and regulations. Figure 2.
This paper analyzes the feasibility of assessing the 5G base stations compliance using broadband field probes and compares their performance with alternative methodologies and equipment.
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